A graduate of West Point, McClellan served with distinction during the Mexican-American War, and later left the Army to serve as an executive . George B. McClellan (1826-1885) 1826, Dec. 3 Born, Philadelphia, Pa. George McClellan Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bin Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era "[31] On July 26, the day he reached the capital, McClellan was appointed commander of the Military Division of the Potomac, the main Union force responsible for the defense of Washington. [85] The War Department was reluctant to publish his report because, just after completing it in October 1863, McClellan openly declared his entrance to the political stage as a Democrat. In doing so, he demonstrated a tendency for insubordination toward senior political figures. In his inaugural address, he said the most urgent matter before the state was relief from the Panic of 1873. It was an armada that dwarfed all previous American expeditions, transporting 121,500 men, 44 artillery batteries, 1,150 wagons, over 15,000 horses, and tons of equipment and supplies. It was a scene which no one could forgetan event of a lifetime. His first personal command in battle was at Rich Mountain, which he also won. West Point Officers in the Civil War - Class of 1846 No single group of men at West Point--or possibly any academy--has been so indelibly written into history as the class of 1846. 2014-05-09 14:23:23. A frustrated McClellan wrote to his wife before the battle, "Pope will be thrashed & be disposed of [by Lee]. See more George B. McClellan George Brinton McClellan (December 3, 1826October 29, 1885) was an American soldier, civil engineer, railroad executive, and politician. These include Fort McClellan in Alabama, McClellan Butte and McClellan Peak in the state of Washington, where he traveled while conducting the Pacific Railroad Survey in 1853, and a bronze equestrian statue honoring General McClellan in Washington, D.C. Another equestrian statue honors him in front of Philadelphia City Hall, while the McClellan Gate at Arlington National Cemetery is dedicated to him and displays his name. Ohio Governor William Dennison was the most persistent, so McClellan was commissioned a major general of volunteers and took command of the Ohio militia on April 23, 1861. He and his family then embarked on another three-year stay in Europe (187375). This placed him in great demand as the Union mobilized. [18] In March 1855, McClellan was promoted to captain and assigned to the 1st U.S. Cavalry regiment. I graduated second in my class at West Point in 1846. in one way or other. The surprise appearance of Maj. Gen. Stonewall Jackson's troops in the battle (when they had last been reported to be many miles away in the Shenandoah Valley) convinced McClellan that he was even more outnumbered than he had thought. McClellan never received another field command and went on to become the unsuccessful Democratic Party nominee in the 1864 presidential election against the Republican Lincoln. "[56] Fortunately for McClellan, Lincoln never saw that inflammatory statement (at least at that time) because it was censored by the War Department telegrapher. [38] The result was a level of extreme caution that sapped the initiative of McClellan's army and dismayed the government. Bailey, Ronald H., and the Editors of Time-Life Books. [90], In addition to tax reduction, McClellan's economic agenda included the institution of a Bureau of Statistics of Labor and Industries and the creation of an agricultural experiment station to modernize growing and farming practices. The names are legendary: Thomas . Both passed the legislature in 1878 and 1880, respectively. The second would use the same force to drive south instead, crossing the Ohio River into Kentucky and Tennessee. [82] For all his popularity with the troops, McClellan failed to secure their support and the military vote went to Lincoln nearly 31. By delaying the Union army for almost a month, the Confederates had obtained valuable time to assemble and organize the forces that eventually beat McClellan back from the gates of Richmond and thwarted the Union's Peninsula Campaign. His subordinate commander, William S. Rosecrans, bitterly complained that his attack was not reinforced as McClellan had agreed. The men cheered him until they were hoarse and some broke ranks to swarm around the martial figure and indulge in the 'most extravagant demonstrations'. Malaria would recur in later years; he called it his "Mexican disease. [39], The dispute with Scott became increasingly personal. [6] He began attending the university in 1840, when he was 14 years old, resigning himself to the study of law after his family decided that medical educations for both McClellan and his older brother John were too expensive. In the fall of 1852, McClellan published a manual on bayonet tactics that he had translated from the original French. Beagle, Jonathan M. "George Brinton McClellan." He reported to Washington that he faced 200,000 Confederates, perhaps due to a false report on the arrival of another Confederate army P.G.T. [90] McClellan's administration was marked by caution and conservatism. [96][97] They referred to him affectionately as "Little Mac";[98] others sometimes called him the "Young Napoleon". On March 8, doubting McClellan's resolve, Lincoln again interfered with the army commander's prerogatives. George B. McClellan forced the Confederates in northwestern Virginia to retreat into the Alleghenies in 1861. [100], One of the reasons that McClellan's reputation has suffered is his own memoirs. Place Of Burial: Trenton, NJ. A chronology of key events in the life of George B. McClellan (1826-1885), U.S. Army officer and governor of New Jersey. The battle was a crucial turning point in the Civil War, as it ended the Confederate Army's first invasion of the North and effectively ended General Robert E. Lee's campaign in Maryland. Date Of Death: October 29, 1885. It was an armada that dwarfed all previous American expeditions, transporting 121,500 men, 44 artillery batteries, 1,150 wagons, over 15,000 horses, and tons of equipment and supplies. Was general george b mcclellan union or confederate? In a telegram to Secretary of War Edwin Stanton, reporting on these events, McClellan blamed the Lincoln administration for his reversals. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon," "Little Mac" was immensely popular with the men who served under his command. The General took the gentle hands which were offered to him with many a kind and pleasing remark, and heard and answered the many remarks and compliments with which the people accosted him. His final words, at 3 a.m., October 29, 1885, were, "I feel easy now. Even as they served their country, Black soldiers were subject to a number of discriminations. The appointment was controversial in the Cabinet, a majority of whom signed a petition declaring to the president "our deliberate opinion that, at this time, it is not safe to entrust to Major General McClellan the command of any Army of the United States". McClellan Fitness Center is a United States Army gym located at Fort Eustis, Virginia near his Peninsula Campaign. Davis, Jefferson, and McClellan, George B. Leigh, Philip "Lee's Lost Dispatch and Other Civil War Controversies". In so doing, he missed three greatly superior passes in the near vicinity, which were eventually used for railroads and interstate highways. [68], Meanwhile, Union soldiers accidentally found a copy of Lee's orders dividing his army, wrapped around a package of cigars in an abandoned camp. McClellan, not wishing to abandon his campaign, delayed the return of the Army of the Potomac from the Peninsula enough so that the reinforcements arrived while the northern Virginia campaign was already underway. "[41], Lincoln, as well as many other leaders and citizens of the northern states, became increasingly impatient with McClellan's slowness to attack the Confederate forces still massed near Washington. Son and third child of Dr. George McClellan(1796-1847) and Elizabeth Steinmetz Brinton McClellan (1800-1889). With the outbreak of the Civil War in April 1861, northern civilian leaders encouraged McClellan to re-enter federal military service. [22], At the start of the Civil War, McClellan's knowledge of what was called "big war science" and his railroad experience suggested he might excel at military logistics. This plan, which would require considerable patience of the Northern public, was derided in newspapers as the Anaconda Plan, but eventually proved to be the outline of the successful prosecution of the war. [90][91], In the general election, he faced William A. Newell, a Republican former governor who accused McClellan of living in New York, which he easily refuted. There is no man in the Army who can man these fortifications and lick these troops of ours into shape half as well as he. However, Gene Thorp in a 2012 article in The Washington Post cited evidence that the vanguard of Army of the Potomac was in motion all day on the 13th due to orders McClellan had issued the previous day. Admirable self-denial! [75], The battle was tactically inconclusive, with the Union suffering a higher overall number of casualties, although Lee technically was defeated because he withdrew first from the battlefield and retreated back to Virginia, and lost a larger percentage of his army than McClellan did. George McClellan Library of Congress Quick Facts Significance: General-in-Chief of the Union Army Place Of Birth: Philadelphia, PA Date Of Birth: December 3, 1826 Place Of Death: Orange, NJ Date Of Death: October 29, 1885 Place Of Burial: Trenton, NJ Cemetery Name: Riverview Cemetery I feel some little pride in having, with a beaten & demoralized army, defeated Lee so utterly. At Antietam, where there was nowhere for him to flee to, he fell into a paralysis of indecision. [57] Military historian Stephen W. Sears wrote, "When he deserted his army on the Glendale and Malvern Hill battlefields during the Seven Days, he was guilty of dereliction of duty. McClellan selected Yakima Pass (.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}472011N 1212557W / 47.3365N 121.4324W / 47.3365; -121.4324) without a thorough reconnaissance and refused the governor's order to lead a party through it in winter conditions, relying on faulty intelligence about the depth of snowpack in that area. However, the subsequently formed Army of the Potomac had high morale and was extremely proud of their general, some even referring to McClellan as the savior of Washington. McClellan was called as the first witness on December 23, but he contracted typhoid fever and could not attend. [23], On May 3 McClellan re-entered federal service as commander of the Department of the Ohio, responsible for the defense of the states of Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, and, later, western Pennsylvania, western Virginia, and Missouri. In. Working with Lt. Gen. Winfield Scott, the Army's general-in-chief, the . McClellan also developed a disdain for volunteer soldiers and officers, particularly politicians who cared nothing for discipline and training.[14]. George B. McClellan, portrait by Mathew Brady, 1861. It was a remarkable achievement, in which he came to personify the Army of the Potomac and reaped the adulation of his men. George B. McClellan was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on December 3, 1826. . McClellan resigned his commission January 16, 1857, and, capitalizing on his experience with railroad assessment, became chief engineer and vice president of the Illinois Central Railroad, and then president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad in 1860. In, Rowland, Thomas J. George B. McClellan Title Major General War & Affiliation Civil War / Union Date of Birth - Death December 3, 1826 - October 29, 1885 George Brinton McClellan is often remembered as the great organizer of the Union Army of the Potomac. That approach failed following the Union Navy's defeat at the Battle of Drewry's Bluff, about 7 miles (11km) downstream from the Confederate capital, on May 15. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for CIVIL WAR GENERAL GEORGE B. McCLELLAN & WIFE ~ c. - 1863 at the best online prices at eBay! Like other observers, though, McClellan did not appreciate the importance of the emergence of rifled muskets in the Crimean War, and the fundamental changes in warfare tactics it would require.[19]. [71], Still, historians including James M. McPherson in Crossroads of Freedom: Antietam and The Battle Cry of Freedom, Stephen Sears in Landscape Turned Red, John Keegan in The American Civil War, and James V. Murfin in The Gleam of Bayonets have provided clear evidence that McClellan, despite his expressed joy upon being given the order, delayed by some 18 hours before reacting to the intelligence coup, resulting in Lee's being able to elude the late-arriving Union forces, and this remains the standard view. MG George B. McClellan (1861-1862) MG Henry W. Halleck (1862-1864) . "[101] Doris Kearns Goodwin writes that a review of his personal correspondence during the war reveals a tendency for self-aggrandizement and unwarranted self-congratulation. McClellan immediately replied with a 22-page letter objecting in detail to the president's plan and advocating instead his Urbanna plan, which was the first written instance of the plan's details being presented to the president. He began to write another draft of what would be published posthumously, in 1887, as McClellan's Own Story. They expressed their confidence to varying degrees. On August 20, several military units in Virginia were consolidated into his department and he immediately formed the Army of the Potomac, with himself as its first commander. "Prince John" Magruder defended the Peninsula against McClellan's advance with a vastly smaller force. Gen. George B. McClellan, his wife, infant daughter, nurse, and mother-in-law at his headquarters near Alexandria, Va.Courtesy Brian C. Pohanka, Alexandria, VA. After the disastrous Union defeat at the First Battle of Bull Run the same month, McClellan was placed in command of what was to become the Army of the Potomac. "[69], At the discovery of the Lost Order, McClellan's Assistant Adjutant General verified the signature and handwriting of the officer who wrote out the order, as he knew him well, so there was no doubt as to its authenticity. Seven Days' Battles, (June 25-July 1, 1862), series of American Civil War battles in which a Confederate army under General Robert E. Lee drove back General George B. McClellan's Union forces and thwarted the Northern attempt to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond, Virginia. [90] The legislature also enacted several highly partisan measures designed to ensure Democratic control, including an aggressive gerrymander of the New Jersey Assembly districts and another disenfranchising college students (who tended to vote Republican). [1], Because of his political connections and his mastery of French, McClellan received the assignment to be an official observer of the European armies in the Crimean War in 1855. [111], The Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. McClellan from 1904 to 1954. [32] He reveled in his newly acquired power and influence:[30]. Peninsula Campaign. Historian and biographer Stephen W. Sears observed that McClellan's actions would have been "essentially sound" for a commander who was as outnumbered as McClellan thought he was, but McClellan in fact rarely had less than a two-to-one advantage over the armies that opposed him in 1861 and 1862. During a temporary armistice in which the forces of Gen. Zachary Taylor awaited action, McClellan was stricken with dysentery and malaria, which kept him in the hospital for nearly a month. Find many great new & used options and get the best deals for Civil War General George B. McClellan (Union Army) Original Signature on Cover at the best online prices at eBay! He called a council of war at the White House in which McClellan's subordinates were asked about their confidence in the Urbanna plan. [26], His forces moved rapidly into the area through Grafton and were victorious at the Battle of Philippi, the first land conflict of the war. He claimed to have defeated an attempt at vote fraud by Republicans by ordering the delay of a train that was carrying men to vote illegally in another county, enabling Douglas to win the county. George B. McClellan. McClellan's army began to sail from Alexandria on March 17. On November 1, 1861, Winfield Scott retired and McClellan became general-in-chief of all the Union armies. It was the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. [77] McClellan had no prior knowledge that the plans for emancipation rested on his battle performance. . Although McClellan was assuaged by supportive comments Lincoln made to him, in time he saw the change of command very differently, describing it as a part of an intrigue "to secure the failure of the approaching campaign".[48]. McClellan's rapid promotion was partly due to his acquaintance with Salmon P. Chase, Treasury Secretary and former Ohio governor and senator. [43] On November 13, he snubbed the president, who had come to visit McClellan's house, by making him wait for 30 minutes, only to be told that the general had gone to bed and could not receive him. McClellan surveyed the western portion of the northern corridor along the 47th and 49th parallels from St. Paul to the Puget Sound. The camp was the training grounds for recruits and a hospital for the wounded. He performed well in both jobs, expanding the Illinois Central toward New Orleans and helping the Ohio and Mississippi recover from the Panic of 1857. [2] His father's family was of Scottish and English heritage. [90], Soon after taking office, McClellan fell out of favor with the State Senate over appointments and patronage. Lincoln's share of the vote in the Army of the Potomac was 70%. George McClellan was a U.S. Army engineer, railroad president and politician who served as a major general during the Civil War. When he discovered that the Confederates had fortified a line across the Peninsula he hesitated to attack and instead played it safe. Traveling widely, and interacting with the highest military commands and royal families, McClellan observed the siege of Sevastopol. After a month of preparation, just before he was to assault the Confederate works at Yorktown, McClellan learned that Johnston had withdrawn up the Peninsula towards Williamsburg. The enemy is driven back into Virginia." Davis was beginning to treat McClellan almost as a protg, and his next assignment was to assess the logistical readiness of various railroads in the United States, once again with an eye toward planning for the transcontinental railroad. [90], The concluding chapter of his political career was his strong support in 1884 for Grover Cleveland. Making an amphibious clockwise turning movement around the Confederate Army in northern Virginia, McClellan's forces turned west to move up the Virginia Peninsula, between the James River and York River, landing from Chesapeake Bay, with the Confederate capital, Richmond, as their objective. The governor ordered McClellan to turn over his expedition logbooks, but McClellan steadfastly refused, most likely because of embarrassing personal comments that he had made throughout his adventures. That night, McClellan decided to withdraw his army to a safer base, well below Richmond, on a portion of the James River that was under control of the Union Navy. Lincoln's Cabinet met on October 18 and agreed to accept Scott's resignation for reasons of health.[41]. Editorial cartoons published in the course of the 1864 presidential campaign lampooned McClellan for having preferred the safety of a ship while a battle was fought in the distance. In this event, it would not only be in the direction of his plan to make no attack, but it would play into his hands that his opponent should accumulate his forces on the Peninsula. [6] After two years at the university, he changed his goal to military service. McClellan rejected the tenets of Scott's Anaconda Plan, favoring instead an overwhelming grand battle, in the Napoleonic style. He wrote a letter to Gen. Scott on April 27, four days after assuming command in Ohio, that presented the first proposal for a strategy for the war. One of McClellan's great-grandfathers was Samuel McClellan of Woodstock, Connecticut, a brigadier general who served during the Revolutionary War. $35.00 + $5.00 shipping . By war's end, about 2 million men had served in Johnston saw that the Union army was split in half by the rain-swollen Chickahominy River and hoped to defeat it in detail at Seven Pines and Fair Oaks. McClellan worked on engineering projects in New York City and was offered the position of president of the newly formed University of California, which he declined. For the Confederate general sometimes known as Little Napoleon, see, Thorp, Gene (September 7. Beauregard. [87], In March 1877 the Governor of New York, Lucius Robinson, nominated McClellan to serve as the first state Superintendent of Public Works,[88] but the New York State Senate rejected him as "incompetent for the position". As the war progressed, there were various calls to return McClellan to an important command, following the Union defeats at Fredericksburg and Chancellorsville, as Robert E. Lee moved north at the start of the Gettysburg campaign, and as Jubal Early threatened Washington in 1864. [27] Nevertheless, these two minor victories propelled McClellan to the status of national hero. [29], After the defeat of the Union forces at Bull Run on July 21, 1861, Lincoln summoned McClellan from western Virginia, where McClellan had given the North the only engagements bearing a semblance of victory. Relations between the two generals became increasingly strained over the summer and fall. The platform called for an immediate cessation of hostilities and a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy. "[40] Scott became so disillusioned with the young general that he offered his resignation to President Lincoln, who initially refused to accept it. Not only did McClellan's decision allow the Federals to gain control of the time and place for the battles that took place in late June and early July, it enabled them to fight in a way that inflicted terrible beating on the Confederate army.More importantly, by the end of the Seven Days Battles, McClellan had dramatically improved his operational situation."[55]. On August 8, believing that the Confederacy had over 100,000 troops facing him (in contrast to the 35,000 they had actually deployed at Bull Run a few weeks earlier), he declared a state of emergency in the capital. He proposed that his army should be expanded to 273,000 men and 600 guns and "crush the rebels in one campaign". As with the decisive battles in the Seven Days, McClellan's headquarters were too far to the rear to allow his personal control over the battle. George Brinton McClellan was born into an elite Philadelphia family on December 3, 1826. In June 1862, Union soldiers could spot the steeples of Richmond off to the distance. McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals. McClellan supported continuation of the war and restoration of the Union, but not the abolition of slavery, although the party platform, written by Copperhead leader Clement Vallandigham of Ohio, was opposed to that position. McClellan's army began to sail from Alexandria on March 17. The president expressed his concern about the "vast labor" involved in the dual role of army commander and general-in-chief, but McClellan responded, "I can do it all. Gen. John Gibbon, and said, "Here is a paper with which if I cannot whip Bobbie Lee, I will be willing to go home." Bouquets, beautiful and fragrant, in great numbers were thrown at him, and the ladies crowded around him with the warmest good wishes, and many of them were entirely overcome with emotion. In the course of a disagreement about defensive forces on the Potomac River, McClellan wrote to his wife on August 10: "Genl Scott is the great obstaclehe will not comprehend the danger & is either a traitor, or an incompetent. He favored a war that would impose little impact on civilian populations and require no emancipation of slaves. Will send you trophies. In 1853, he participated in the Pacific Railroad surveys, ordered by Secretary of War Jefferson Davis, to select an appropriate route for the planned transcontinental railroad. [91], McClellan devoted his final years to traveling and writing; he produced his memoirs, McClellan's Own Story (published posthumously in 1887), in which he stridently defended his conduct during the war. The Union defeat at the minor Battle of Ball's Bluff near Leesburg in October added to the frustration and indirectly damaged McClellan. McClellan spent the next three weeks repositioning his troops and waiting for promised reinforcements. Despite being a tactical draw, Antietam is considered a turning point of the war and a victory for the Union because it ended Lee's strategic campaign (his first invasion of the North) and it allowed President Lincoln to issue the Emancipation Proclamation on September 22, taking effect on January 1, 1863. "[58] In the battle of Glendale, McClellan was five miles (8km) away behind Malvern Hill, without telegraph communications and too distant to command his army. Isaac Stevens, governor of the Washington Territory, became dissatisfied with McClellan's performance in his scouting of passes across the Cascade Range. Although McClellan's subordinates can claim their share of responsibility for delays (such as Ambrose Burnside's misadventures at Burnside Bridge) and blunders (Edwin V. Sumner's attack without reconnaissance), these were localized problems from which the full army could have recovered. A sensational story had reached the press that the expedition had been ambushed by 2,000 Comanches and killed to the last man. He also was not helped by the party's choice for vice president, George H. Pendleton, a peace candidate from Ohio. 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Winfield Scott george b mcclellan union or confederate the Fire Department of New York operated a fireboat named George B. (., where there was nowhere for him to flee to, he changed goal. Brady, 1861, Winfield Scott, the dispute with Scott became personal... A number of discriminations and influence: [ 30 ] B. Leigh Philip...
Why Did Zibby Leave Small Town, Unlike Special Elections, When Are General Elections Held?, Los Angeles County Pre Approved Adu Plans, Articles G
Why Did Zibby Leave Small Town, Unlike Special Elections, When Are General Elections Held?, Los Angeles County Pre Approved Adu Plans, Articles G